Nay; He will come with His body — so I have learned — such as He was seen by His Disciples in the Mount, or as he showed Himself for a moment, when his Godhead overpowered the carnality. Therefore, Mind was taken upon Him. Dr. Ullman, however, thinks that while S. Gregory was certainly speaking the truth in saying that he had in his hands a pamphlet by Apollinarius, yet that he, perhaps unconsciously, exaggerated the heretical character of its contents, pushing its statements to consequences which Apollinarius would have repudiated. But they are deceived by the latter, and, therefore, they run to the flesh, because they do not know the custom of Scripture. University of Texas at Arlington A PAPER Submitted to Dr. Jonathan Loopstra in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the course CH 9000 The Patristics Age Deerfield, Illinois February 2017 During the fourth century … God forbid! I would they were even cut off that trouble you, Galatians 5:12 and would reintroduce a second Judaism, and a second circumcision, and a second system of sacrifices. But, says such an one, the Godhead took the place of the human intellect. For it is not laid by in the sun, according to the babble of the Manichæans, that it should be honoured by a dishonour; nor was it poured forth into the air and dissolved, as is the nature of a voice or the flow of an odour, or the course of a lightning flash that never stands. For what, say they, can be more perfect than this? For it is evident that they can only have been so received as assenting to the Orthodox Faith, for this were an impossibility on any other terms. And not even now, be well assured, should we have written this, if we had not seen that the Church was being torn asunder and divided, among their other tricks, by their present synagogue of vanity. I at any rate, knowing better than anyone, as I did, the thoughts and the heresy of the Apollinarians, and seeing that their folly was intolerable; yet thinking that I could tame them by patience and soften them by degrees, I let my hopes make me eager to attain this object. Gregory of Nazianzus (Greek: Γρηγόριος ὁ Ναζιανζηνός Grēgorios ho Nazianzēnos; c. 329–25 January 390), also known as Gregory the Theologian or Gregory Nazianzen, was a 4th-century Archbishop of Constantinople, and theologian. Anti-Manichaan writers 268 § 66. And they can surely prove it, either by the minutes of the Synod, or by Letters of Communion, for this is the regular custom of Synods. Take away, then, the flesh as well as the mind, that your monstrous folly may be complete. -- Gregory of Nazianzus . They who argue thus do not know that such expressions are used by Synecdoche, declaring the whole by the part, as when Scripture says that the young ravens call upon God, to indicate the whole feathered race; or Pleiades, Hesperus, and Arcturus Job 9:9 are mentioned, instead of all the Stars and His Providence over them. And so the passage, The Word was made Flesh, seems to me to be equivalent to that in which it is said that He was made sin, or a curse for us; not that the Lord was transformed into either of these, how could He be? Christ in the Life and Teaching of Gregory of Nazianzus. But if it was that He might destroy the condemnation by sanctifying like by like, then as He needed flesh for the sake of the flesh which had incurred condemnation, and soul for the sake of our soul, so, too, He needed mind for the sake of mind, which not only fell in Adam, but was the first to be affected, as the doctors say of illnesses. c. 1, p. 172) are laid down. Moreover, in no other way was it possible for the Love of God toward us to be manifested than by making mention of our flesh, and that for our sake He descended even to our lower part. But, he asserts, He could not contain Two perfect Natures. But you are acting as if, when a man's eye had been injured and his foot had been injured in consequence, you were to attend to the foot and leave the eye uncared for; or as if, when a painter had drawn something badly, you were to alter the picture, but to pass over the artist as if he had succeeded. Buffalo, NY: Christian Literature Publishing Co.. Revised and edited for New Advent by Kevin Knight. I would they were even cut off that trouble you, and would reintroduce a second Judaism, and a second circumcision, and a second system of sacrifices. 2 An allusion to the absurd fable that Pan was the fruit of Penelope's amours with all her suitors. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data. In this book, Gabrielle Thomas offers a close analysis of his writings and demonstrates how Nazianzen depicts both the nature and experience of … They play the same trick with the word that describes the Incarnation, viz. But it is not safe to make any innovation before judgment is given, especially in a matter of such importance, and connected with so great issues. * 1 The title is meant in the strictest possible sense: Gregory defended the divinity (theo-) of the Word (logos) who became flesh (cf. Therefore S. Gregory earnestly protests against any toleration being granted to these heretics, or even permission to hold their assemblies; for, he says, toleration or permission would certainly be regarded by them as a condonation of their doctrinal position, and a condemnation of that of the Church. For where is His body now, if not with Him Who assumed it? The representatives of Egyptian Monachism 264 § 65. And not only so, but they also assert, as I am told, that they have been received by the Western Synod, by which they were formerly condemned, as is well known to everyone. For many sounds are comprehended by one ear; and the eyes of many are occupied by the same visible objects, and the smell by odours; nor are the senses narrowed by each other, or crowded out, nor the objects of sense diminished by the multitude of the perceptions. If you have a query or a problem with your shop order, do not hesitate to contact us here. If, however, they rely on the passage, The Word was made Flesh and dwelt among us, John 1:14 and because of this erase the noblest part of Man (as cobblers do the thicker part of skins) that they may join together God and Flesh, it is time for them to say that God is God only of flesh, and not of souls, because it is written, As You have given Him power over all Flesh, and Unto You shall all Flesh come; and Let all Flesh bless His holy Name, meaning every Man. 2, 4, 8, 9, 10, 12, 24, 28, 34, 36), an epistle (Epist.101), and ''the Teaching". For a bushel measure will not hold two bushels, nor will the space of one body hold two or more bodies.
. The editor of New Advent is Kevin Knight. But, it may be said, our mind is subject to condemnation. And as we say this to disarm suspicion, so we write the other to correct the novel teaching. (To help fight spam, this address might change occasionally.) You can find more resources and connect with people through the Social Media and Youtube buttons below. choresis was first used by Gregory Nazianzen in the fourth century ad,inhisEpistle 101 and elsewhere, ... 5 Gregory, Epistle 101,inPatrologia Graeca 37.181C, cited in Otto, ‘The use and abuse of perichoresis, p. 368. 13 Gregory of Nazianzus, Letter 101, trans. St. Athanasius 253 § 64. And who will not marvel at their learning, in that on their own authority they divide the things of Christ, and assign to His Manhood such sayings as He was born, He was tempted, He was hungry, He was thirsty, He was wearied, He was asleep; but reckon to His Divinity such as these: He was glorified by Angels, He overcame the Tempter, He fed the people in the wilderness, and He fed them in such a manner, and He walked upon the sea; and say on the one hand that the Where have you laid Lazarus? Ep. 37, Cols. But while Epiphanius mentions these extravagances of the heresy, and does so with a lingering feeling of regret for the lapse of so good a man whose services in the past had been of so much value to the Church, yet, in the spirit common to Ecclesiastical authorities of the time, he would rather ascribe them to an expansion of Apollinarius' teaching by his younger disciples who did not really understand what Apollinarius himself meant. The Deity of the Holy Spirit - Gregory of Nazianzus, Oration 31, 9-11, Theological Oration, 5 Basil on the Holy Spirit - Letter 159 - to Eupaterius and his daughter (c. 373) Heresy about the Holy Spirit - Athanasius, Ep. commentaries on Gregory’s homilies, the Life and Enkomion of Gregory. Those who follow the heresy of Arius or Eudoxius (I cannot say who stirred them up to this folly) are making a display of their disease, as if they had attained some degree of confidence by collecting congregations as if by permission. For God and Man are two natures, as also soul and body are; but there are not two Sons or two Gods. In 382 Gregory was summoned to a Synod at Constantinople… Ep. Even hoar hairs have something to learn; and old age, it would seem, cannot in all respects be trusted for wisdom. Christ in the Life and Teaching of Gregory of Nazianzus is the first full-length book devoted to an overview of the Christology of this fourth-century Father of the Church. He is widely considered the most accomplished rhetorical stylist of … St. Cyril of Jerusalem 271 § 67. The eight orations, each representing a different aspect of his writing, are examined alongside a selection of his shorter poems in verse translation, letters, and a translation of Gregory's own will. If any worship not the Crucified, let him be Anathema and be numbered among the Deicides. For Godhead joined to flesh alone is not man, nor to soul alone, nor to both apart from intellect, which is the most essential part of man. If, however, those who hold the views of Apollinarius have either now or formerly been received, let them prove it and we will be content. Our bosom evil, Eunomius, is no longer content with merely existing; but unless he can draw away everyone with him to his ruinous heresy, he thinks himself an injured man. And they can surely prove it, either by the minutes of the Synod, or by Letters of Communion, for this is the regular custom of Synods. Epistle 101 (part of). For that which has a beginning or a progress or is made perfect, is not God, although the expressions may be used of His gradual manifestation. Gregory of Nazianzus (3301 – January 25 389 or 3901) (also known as Gregory the Theologian or Gregory Nazianzen) was a 4th-century Archbishop of Constantinople. In them he discusses the consubstantiality of the Son and Holy Spirit in relation to God, as well as the fact that no human, despite their level of understanding or knowledge, can fully comprehend the nature of God (Bone). For this were not a Generation of God, but a shirking of generation. All this, however, is endurable. 7. For that which received the command was that which failed to keep the command, and that which failed to keep it was that also which dared to transgress; and that which transgressed was that which stood most in need of salvation; and that which needed salvation was that which also He took upon Him. GREGORY OF NAZIANZUS’S RECEPTION OF ORIGEN: THE HISTORY, STRUCTURE, AND SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PHILOCALIA OF ORIGEN by Joey Cochran Th.M. See also Anne Karahan, Byzantine Holy Images—Transcendence and Immanence: The Theological Background of the Iconography and Aesthetics of the Chora Church (Leuven: Peeters, 2010). ... is carried through in Hofer’s analysis of Epistle 101 in chapter 6. And he puts forward as a witness to this monstrous assertion a garbled quotation from the Gospels, namely, No man has Ascended up into Heaven save He which came down from Heaven, even the Son of Man which is in Heaven. (Buffalo, NY: Christian Literature Publishing Co., 1894.) That we must worship, not a God-bearing Flesh, but a Man-bearing God. But if His Manhood is intellectual and nor without mind, let them cease to be thus really mindless. However, in the incarnation what we see is that the divine Logos (the second person of the Trinity) assumed a human body and spirit but not a human mind. Google Scholar. If anyone should assert that He passed through the Virgin as through a channel, and was not at once divinely and humanly formed in her (divinely, because without the intervention of a man; humanly, because in accordance with the laws of gestation), he is in like manner godless. Apollinarius, according to S. Gregory, declares that the Son of God was from all eternity clothed with a human body, and not from the time of His conception only by the Blessed Virgin; but that this humanity of God is without human mind, the place of which was supplied by the Godhead of the Only-begotten. John 3:13 As though even before He came down He was the Son of Man, and when He came down He brought with Him that Flesh, which it appears He had in Heaven, as though it had existed before the ages, and been joined with His Essence. For the words, The Second Man is the Lord from Heaven; and, As is the Heavenly, such are they that are Heavenly; and, No man has ascended up into Heaven save He which came down from Heaven, even the Son of Man which is in Heaven; and the like, are to be understood as said on account of the Union with the heavenly; just as that All Things were made by Christ, and that Christ dwells in your hearts is said, not of the visible nature which belongs to God, but of what is perceived by the mind, the names being mingled like the natures, and flowing into one another, according to the law of their intimate union. Cristiana Sogno, Bradley K. Storin, and Edward J. Watts (Oakland: University of California Press, 2017) But where is there mind of man or angel so perfect in comparison of the Godhead that the presence of the greater must crowd out the other? 7, (London: Christian Literature Co., 1984), p. 440, taken from Oakes, Infancy, p. 137 My summation of Gregory of Nazianzus’ attack on Apollinarianism: “[W]e do not sever the man from the Godhead, but we lay down as a dogma the unity and identity [of person]…,” the eternal God assuming manhood for our salvation. For we also think we have the spirit of God, if indeed this is a gift of the Spirit, and not a human novelty. Is that not subject to condemnation? Further let us see what is their account of the assumption of Manhood, or the assumption of Flesh, as they call it. For how shall one thing contain two completenesses, either the house, the sunbeam and the sun, or the earth, the moisture and the river? :”(“To Cledonius Against Apollinaris” [Epistle 101], in Christology of the Later Fathers, ed. Gregory Nazianzen – Epistle 102. The Two Letters to Cledonius (Letters 101 and 102) translated into English by Lionel Wickham with Introduction and Notes by Lionel Wickham. CXXVI. But if anyone who thinks we have spoken rightly on this subject reproaches us with holding communion with heretics, let him prove that we are open to this charge, and we will either convince him or retire. If any should say that it wrought in Him by grace as in a Prophet, but was not and is not united with Him in Essence — let him be empty of the Higher Energy, or rather full of the opposite. S. Gregory retorts upon them that if so, they are worse themselves, being actually Sarcolaters, or worshippers of mere flesh, denying Mind to Him whom they adore as Lord and Saviour. For this were not a Generation of God, but a shirking of generation. Andrew Hofer examines the breadth of Gregory's corpus—orations, letters, and poems (often neglected in doctrinal studies)—to argue that Gregory's writing on Christ can be best understood in tandem with his autobiography. Regrettably, I can't reply to every letter, but I greatly appreciate your feedback — especially notifications about typographical errors and inappropriate ads. Saint Gregory left Constantinople in June 381, and this Oration probably dates soon after his return to Nazianzus, probably delivered on the anniversary of Saint Basil's death. Vision of Habakkuk, Athos Cod. We will teach them this also. Do they not know, then, that what is perfect by comparison with one thing may be imperfect by comparison with another, as a hill compared with a mountain, or a grain of mustard seed with a bean or any other of the larger seeds, although it may be called larger than any of the same kind? The Five Theological Orations earned Gregory the title of the Theologian (Catholic Online). Add to My Bookmarks Export citation. An English translation of this text, placed alongside the Greek text, can be found on the subscription version of the site. They who argue thus do not know that such expressions are used by Synecdoche, declaring the whole by the part, as when Scripture says that the young ravens call upon God, to indicate the whole feathered race; or Pleiades, Hesperus, and Arcturus are mentioned, instead of all the Stars and His Providence over them. Edward R. Hardy; Louisville: Westminster John Knox, 1954) 218. The most grievous item of all in the woes of the Church is the boldness of the Apollinarians, whom your Holiness has overlooked, I know not how, when providing themselves with authority to hold meetings on an equality with myself. How then could your noble and lofty mind submit to suspend your usual courage in regard to the correction of so great an evil? For if one were to change the word Man or Flesh into God (the first would please us, the second them), and then were to use this wonderful antithesis, so divinely recognized, what conclusion should we arrive at? And now if it had been possible for me to teach you this myself, I should not have hesitated, you may be sure, even to undertake a journey beyond my strength to throw myself at the feet of your Excellency. CXLI. For a bushel measure will not hold two bushels, nor will the space of one body hold two or more bodies. CXL. If anyone does not believe that Holy Mary is the Mother of God, he is severed from the Godhead. McGuckin’s Saint Gregory of Nazianzus. 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